Economies for Native Americans Pre and Post Colonization

Economies for Native Americans Pre and Post Colonization What was the nature of Native American economies prior to European colonization? How did Native Americans impact colonial economies? The Native American communities, prior to the arrival of the colonists were not homogenous, and as such there is no one set of factors that encompassed all of their different societal and economic structures. However there were a few major components which had significant impacts. First, many of the communities lived in densely settled agricultural societies which facilitated a fairly prosperous environment. As Nash points out, evolving from a previously nomadic existence, along with the domestication of plants, allowed for a 1% change of land cultivation to produce â€Å"enormous increase[s] in the food supply† (p 11). These urban centric communities afforded the residents a high standard which were in some places, were quite affluent. This environment also allowed for the division of labor to increase the economic resources, for in addition to agriculture, food gathering, game hunting and fishing were also prevalent. Another component, as verified by archeological evidence, shows us that these various communities traded quite extensively, often creating vast networks linked together via water and in-land routes. One example Nash highlights are the Mound builders of the Ohio River Valley (p 13). Also prevalent, especially in the Iroquois nation, was the communal nature of property. This reciprocal principle allowed for an increased possibility in the accumulation of goods, which when shared, raised the quality of life for the whole group. These factors had a significant impact on the early colonial economies since they allowed the newcomers to benefit from structures already in place. One of the most notable is trade, which in addition to the exchange of food, also included items such as beaver skins and deer hides. Agricultural knowledge added great valued, as the colonists were not familiar with many of the plant varieties available in the New World. At the time, war was a common occurrence and interaction with different Native American groups allowed the colonists to offset some costs. Not quite as well understood, even though we know it existed, was a labor component supplied by the indigenous groups. And lastly the Native Americans had a form of money, â€Å"wampum† which facilitated trade and added to economic system of the new settlers. Who comprised the colonial labor force in the U.S., and what were the most important kinds of work arrangements? According to Hughes and Cain, in the later part of the 18th century, the labor force in the colonies was focused mostly on primary production, which employed approximately nine-tenths of the population (7th edition, p 30-31). The most common occupations were: agriculture, fishing, mining and timbering along with ship building. Yet when broken down by region we can see that artisans made up between one-third and one-half of those employed in the more commercial cities such as Boston, New York, Newport and Philadelphia. Common occupations among these artisans were milling, leather tooling, woodworking, distilling, sugar refining, hat making and spinning (p 30). Even though many occupations were represented, there was a significant lack of available labor. Native American labor was fairly limited, leaving the colonists to supply the larger share. This scarcity was reflected in the early days of the settlements when work was required for all the lower classes, as well as men between 12 and 60, and single women between 12 and 40, (p 42–43). As time progressed and more settlers came over, the labor market segmented into three main categories – free labor, indentured servants and slaves. In the early days, between 1630 and 1776, about one-third to one-half the population came as indentured servants. These were for the most part English nationals although a few Germans migrated as well. These early arrangements for indentured servants were negotiated by the shippers who allowed for free passage, but then sold the work contracts for these individuals on the docks. Prices for these individuals were variable and usually driven by whether they were literate, their age, sex, and occupation. It should also be noted that when the British labor market was in bad shape, there were strong incentives to come to the New World and work as an indenture servant. However, right as the labor conditions started to improve in England, was when the cost of passage across the Atlantic began to decrease. This scenario drove up the cost of indentured labor, making it no longer as attractive, while at the same time made the decreasing cost of slave labor more desirable. Were American colonists economically exploited by the British prior to the American Revolution? As noted in Hughes and Cain, prior to the Revolution, Americans had â€Å"achieved a level of affluence at least as great as their British cousins† with incomes (in 2000 prices) in the range of $3,875 to $7,250 per capita (p 51). In addition they note that Britain was spending considerable sums on military protection and administration for the colonies, as well as carrying a significant trade deficit (p 56). These and other factors give evidence to indicate that on the eve of the Revolution, thanks in part to contributions from the English, Americans were already among the wealthiest citizens in the world. To make the situation even more beneficial to those living in the colonies, almost everyone, even the ‘poor’, had some tangible goods, whether it be land or high wages; a situation almost unheard of in other nations at the time. Contributing to these conditions were England’s mercantilist policies, as prior to the Revolution these regulations casts a shadow on the output and production of the colonies. The British government’s laws regarding trade, specifically the Navigation Acts of 1651, 1660, 1662 1663, prescribed conditions which benefited both England and to a large extent, the colonies themselves. Part of the stipulated requirements were that all trading vessels must carry a crew comprised of three-fourths English or American sailors, all foreign trade must pass through English ports and that certain ‘enumerated goods’ (usually colonial commodities) could only be sold to British buyers. These actions gave the colonists not only privileged access to British markets, but were also in addition to generous subsidies by the English as well. As Hughes and Cain note, these subsidies, tax rebates, tariffs and quotas both protected and encouraged American industries and did so at the expense of other markets (p 69). To try and state empathic whether the American colonists were economically exploited, is impossible as the interactions between the two entities were so interconnected. However, both benefited and made gains from the other, but also chafed at the yearnings for power that each side longed to acquire as they continued to seek economic growth in new markets.

African Americans in the Civil War Essay

The role African Americans played in the outcome, and the road to the outcome of the Civil War was immense. The fact that the south had slaves and the north did not played an enormous role in the issues. The north wanted to abolish slavery, and the south did not and after the war started this became one of the main reasons for the Civil War. Since most African Americans could not read or write, this made them an easy target, for slavery, against the dominant white man. Once the slaves got to America they started to realize how much trouble they were actually in. The north and the south had a problem brewing, and that was due to the slave uprisings and the run a ways. African Americans played an enormous role in the outcome of the Civil War because of the part they took in it. The civil war, which took place from 1861 to the 1920s, the African American community made tremendous strides toward them becoming apart of America and equals in America. Since they had been controlled by the power of the whites for so long, their independence was extremely unfamiliar to them, with their new emancipation. Since they were so uncertain, they debated about the most effect way to go about actually receiving the rights they deserved. They did not just want to be inferior Negros. Some African Americans thought the actual approach would be to go along with the submissive status the whites held them to, so they could earn their respect until fairness pervaded. Others were more wishful with their thinking and thought the military would make whites surrender and give blacks their basic rights. Those who were still they are thought that no progress would ever come. These blacks decided that it was essential to escape the shackles and cruel attitudes toward blacks. The civil war initially began to save the Union. At the start of the war slave masters were terribly scared that the slaves would run to join the Union and help the war efforts. To subsidize the problem, most owner enforced harsh restrictions on their slaves. Some owners even moved their whole plantations inland to avoid any contact with the outside northerners. This did not stop the slaves one bit though, this just caused more slave to flee to the north. The slaves that did decide to stay just demanded more freedom from their masters. Some would say the ones that stayed even gained more power; this forced their masters to give them offerings in exchange for work. The issues of emancipation and military service were intertwined from almost the beginning of the war. News from Fort Sumter made African Americans rush to enlist in military units. They were all turned away since there was a law dating from 1792 that kept African Americans from joining the U. S. army. In Boston disappointed African Americans met and passed a resolution that requested the Government to modify its laws to permit them to enlist. Then Lincoln’s Second Confiscation Act was passed. The act stated that, Confederates who did not surrender with in sixty days of the acts passage were to be punished by having their slaves freed. The Militia Act was also passed. This act stated African Americans were allowed to fight in the war. These two acts together thoroughly punished rebel slaveholders. The African Americans that enlisted both fought in the front lines and worked behind the scenes labor jobs. All these rights that the African Americans were receiving inspired them to return home and free their families and friends. Some of them even started living in the plantations that they used to be slaves of. They took them over and began their own cropping. Some of the other plantations had been left to older disabled white woman, when the men had left for the Confederate army. All of this led to the separation of slave labor in the south After trying terribly hard to keep the issue of slavery out of the war, the North decided to start enlisting African Americans to help them fight in the war. The Fifty-Fourth regiment was created by the Union Army, and was the only all black unit. This Union in particular contributed to the war efforts of the North and showed a new found power among blacks. The regiment started when John Andrew sent a request to the secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, to create a volunteer regiment of African Americans (3). African Americans from all over the country joined. To help recruit even further they called for help from African American leaders like, Frederick Douglas and William Wells Brown. In just two months over one thousand African Americans, one from at least every state, had enlisted in the regiment. The leader of the regiment would not be black though, they wanted the superior officer to have some certain credentials. The job description posted read: â€Å"Young Man of Military Experience Of firm antislavery principles, ambitious, Superior to the vulgar contempt of color Having Faith in the capacity of colored men for military purpose† (2) The man picked for the job was Robert Shaw. The African American regiment and their captain set off for Beaufort, South Carolina on May 28, 1863 (1). They were to attack Fort Wagner, which was a vital key to Charleston. They only way to storm the fort was to go through loads and loads of Confederates. The sheer size of the Confederates to the Fifty- Fourth regiment was an obstacle in itself. The regiment knew the amount of obstacles they would have to overcome to achieve a victory and yet they kept marching. Shaw and a few men marched to the top of the parapet, and there Shaw was shot and killed. Though this was almost a complete disaster for the regiment they had set a path for future African American soldiers. Frederick Douglas said, â€Å"Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U. S. , let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship. † One thousand seventy-nine African Americans had served in the Civil War. They served in both the U. S. Army and about two thousand served in the Navy. By the time the war was over, forty thousand had died in battle and thirty thousand had died of disease and infection. African American soldiers performed all the jobs needed to run an army. They also served as carpenters, chaplains, cooks, guards, laborers, nurses, scouts, spies, steamboat pilots, surgeons, and teamsters (4). There were nearly 80 black commissioned officers (4). Harriet Tubman was the most famous spy; she served for the 2nd South Carolina Volunteers. Tubman decided to help the Union Army because she wanted freedom for all of the people who were forced into slavery, not just the few she could help by herself. And she convinced many other brave African Americans to join her as spies, even at the risk of being hanged if they were caught (4). Among Harriet Tubman were many other African American women who served as nurses, spies and scouts. Although, no women were allowed to formally join the army. When black troops were captured by the confederate soldiers, they faced harsher punishments than the white troops. In 1863 the Confederate Congress threatened to punish officers of African American troops and enslave the African Americans, if they were captured. As a result of this, President Lincoln issued General Order 233, which threatened payback on Confederate prisoners of war, if they mistreated African American troops. This order did scare the Confederates a little, but African American soldiers were still treated harsher than whites. In one of the worst examples of this abuse, Confederate soldiers shot to death black Union soldiers, captures at Fort Pillow, TN, in 1864(). Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest witnessed it all and did nothing to stop it. The President, Abraham Lincoln, issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. This proclamation eventually led to the freedom of all slaves. The document officially made free all bondsmen in the areas of the Confederacy that were still in rebellion. Slavery although was not abolished in the Border States, Tennessee, or the Union occupied areas of Louisiana and Virginia. The proclamation only affected the states in rebellion, so after the efforts it didn’t actually free any slaves. On the other hand, it did strengthen the Northern war efforts, because they knew they were fighting for a cause. Over five hundred thousand slaves had escaped to the North by the end of the civil war. Many of the escapees joined the Union Army, which tremendously increased its power. As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, the thirteenth Amendment was created. The Amendment created on December 18, 1865, legally freed all slaves still in bondage. The final step the Emancipation Proclamation was to depress England and France from arriving to the war on the side of the South. England and France wanted to enter the war on the South side, because the South had supplied them both with cotton and tobacco. England and Frances stance changed when they heard that the war had changed to a fight over slavery. Both nations were opposed to slavery, so ended up giving their support to the Union. That led to the winning of the fight for freedom. Juneteenth was the day created to celebrate the emancipation, when the slaves heard about it that midsummer. The holiday is still celebrated today. Abraham Lincoln said, â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved. I do not expect the house to fall, but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. â€Å"(3) African Americans along with the rest of the Union were fighting for this freedom and equality that Abraham Lincoln, was talking about. African American contributions were not limited to the role of working the fields in the south or supplying labor for industry in the north. Many African Americans in both south and north participated in either direct or supporting roles in the military. The War Between the States proved to be a war fought for democracy. The liberation that the slaves had been waiting for, recovered the ideas that founded the United States of America. All men were equal under the law. Since, the African Americans made such a persistent effort the changes were made more quickly. Africans pushed for their own emancipation by resisting their masters and other labor tasks. Although a formal Emancipation Proclamation and Thirteenth Amendment freed blacks in America, it would be a long time before they received all the rights they deserved. The minds of Americans had been so engrained with racism only decades of hard work would lessen this. Works Cited 1) Freeman, Elsie, Wynell Burroughs Schamel, and Jean West. â€Å"The Fight for Equal Rights: A Recruiting Poster for Black Soldiers in the Civil War. † Social Education 56, 2 (February 1992): 118-120. 2) â€Å"Blacks in the Civil War. †. Colorado College. Web. 3 Mar 2013.

The Necklace By Guy De Maupassant - 934 Words

During the nineteenth century countries around the globe were primarily governed by royalties. There were many important figures like kings and queens all throughout Europe. Every person’s dream during this era was becoming part of the high-class and the elite. This epoch was full of controversial changes between the social statuses of citizens. An important bourgeois role model during this time period was Guy de Maupassant, who wrote one of the most influential short stories of this century. â€Å"The Necklace†, written by Guy de Maupassant, illustrates elements of fiction such as the symbolism of the necklace because of Mme. Loisel’s desire to be rich, irony due to the twist ending, and a powerful theme. Firstly, the necklace Mme. Loisel borrows and her perspective symbolizes the desire she has towards being wealthy and important in society. Maupassant describes effectively the aspiration Mme. Loisel had on being from the nobility all through the story by illus trating the greediness she portrays on the story. Mme. Loisel is greedy on this story due to the fact that she is never happy with what her husband can give to her and she always wants more and more. Moreover, Mme. Loisel thinks that the more money a person had the more valuable a person was. In â€Å"The Necklace†, Guy de Maupassant indirectly conveys Mme. Loisel’s real background at the beginning of the story when he points out, â€Å"She was one of those pretty and charming girls, born by a blunder of destiny in a family ofShow MoreRelatedThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant863 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Necklace† written by Guy De Maupassant, tells the story of a married couple who live an average lifestyle together in France—when one day everything in their lives changes due to a simple decision. The author aims to show the reader the power of decision making when faced to decide between needs, wants, honesty and untruthfulness and how every decision we choose to make affect our lives in ways we never thought possible. In the first few lines of the story, the narrator introducesRead MoreThe Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1034 Words   |  5 Pagesregret which Guy de Maupassant depicts throughout â€Å"The Necklace.† Guy de Maupassant, a French writer, born in 1850, was considered one of France’s greatest short-story writers. His writings were mostly influenced by the divorce of his parents when he was thirteen years old and by great writers such as Shakespeare, Schopenhauer, and Flauber. His parent’s divorce caused his stories to depict unhappiness of matrimony, deceit, miscommunication, and a profound misunderstanding (Maupassant, Guy de, 1850-1893)Read MoreThe Necklace by Guy De Maupassant1367 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Being Honest is Always Best† Telling the truth will always prevent future conflicts. Author Guy De Maupassant who lived from 1850 to 1893 proves in the story of â€Å"The Necklace,† that no matter how bad a situation is, speaking with the truth is always best. Now, this author does not prove this theme directly. Instead, throughout various situations in the story the main characters are faced with a long-term conflict because decisions were not made with honesty. Mathilde and Loisel who is her husbandRead MoreThe Necklace, by Guy de Maupassant791 Words   |  4 Pagescharacterized by other people. In â€Å"The Necklace† Mme. Loisel is a beautiful woman with a decent life, and a husband that loves her, and only wants to make her happy. She is not rich but she makes it along, she insists of a better, wealthier life. When her husband gets her invited to a ball, she feels the need for a brand new fancy dress and tons of jewelry. When the couple realizes they cannot afford jewelry as well, they searc h out to borrow her friend, Mme. Forestiers’ necklace. She comes to notice she noRead MoreThe Necklace, By Guy De Maupassant966 Words   |  4 PagesIn Guy De Maupassant’s â€Å"The Necklace,† Mathilde is a 19th century French woman who desires a wealthier lifestyle than she can acquire. She is completely indulged in the material possessions of life and is focused on the items she does not have rather than what she owns. It seems her happiness is entirely dependent on wealth and status. She neglects her husband and is never content with what he can offer. Eventually, Mathilde’s struggles of envy, selfishness, and materialism drive her to poverty.Read MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1381 Words   |  6 Pagesstories are â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† was about a materialistic woman who faced consequences because of her envious personality and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† was about a man who experienced daydreams randomly throughout the day. Although both short stories used literary elements, Guy de Maupassant utilized them for readers to understand and enjoy the story more than James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† was a short storyRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1093 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story titled â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant, it is clear that the main themes being stressed are pride versus greed, and that things are not quite what they appear. Each of these things are represented throughout the story in some way, whether it be using animated language or symbolism. It is also clear that background information clearly aided the development of the themes Maupassant incorporated throughout the passage. It is seen throughout the story that the main characterRead MoreThe Necklace, By Guy De Maupassant999 Words   |  4 PagesIn Guy de Maupassant’s â€Å"The Necklace,† readers experience Mathilde Loisel’s life-changing event. Coming from nobility, de Maupassant tells the story of luxurious desire through the eyes of the middle class woman Mathilde. Mathilde constantly dreams of living the life of the upper class, and this prohibits her from acting in reality. Mathilde’s internal struggle for a sense of social royalty shows readers how quickly selfish pride destroys a person’s life. Throughout the course of â€Å"The NecklaceRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1019 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story of â€Å"The Necklace†, the author Guy de Maupassant is a creative and intriguing tale which reveals a person s dreams of a luxurious lifestyle with countless materialistic possessions. He has skillfully developed the story into a mystery which reveals itself at the end. The main point in the story is that materialism can distort your view of happiness and fulfillment. It is wrong to be materialistic to the extent that you disregard what you already have and lose everything. MathildeRead MoreThe Necklace, By Guy De Maupassant823 Words   |  4 Pagesbe totally unhappy, â€Å"She was a simple person without the money to dress well, but she was as unhappy as if she had gone through bankruptcy, for a woman have neither rank nor race†(Maupassant 7). Loisel s sorrow over wealth and fancy things puts a constant pain on her husband. In Guy de Maupassant short story â€Å"The Necklace,† Mathlide Loisel goes from being a materialistic, dishonest woman to becoming an honest, hard-working woman. At the beginning of the story, Mathlide Loisel is a raging, spoiled

Journalism Reporting on the Courts

So youve gotten a handle on covering a basic police story, and now you want to follow a case as it winds its way through the criminal justice system. Welcome to the courthouse beat! Covering the courts is one of the most challenging and fascinating beats at any news operation, one rich with human drama. The courtroom, after all, is very much like a stage in which the actors - the accused, the attorneys, the judge and jury - all have their roles to play. And, depending on the severity of the alleged crime, the stakes can be enormously high when the defendants freedom - or even his life - are at issue. Here, then, are some steps to follow when you decide to visit your local courthouse to cover a trial. Pick the Right Courthouse to Visit There are courts of varying jurisdictions scattered across the country, from the smallest local court that deals with little more than traffic ticket disputes to the nations highest court, the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. It may be tempting to get your feet wet by visiting a small local court, sometimes known as a municipal court. But, depending on where you live, these very small courts are often fairly limited in scope. It may be interesting to watch people bicker over traffic tickets for a few minutes, but eventually youll want to move on to bigger things. Generally the best place to start is a state superior Court. This is a court where trials for serious crimes, otherwise known as felonies, are heard. State superior courts are where most trials are heard, and are where most court reporters ply their trade. Changes are theres one in the county seat where you live. Do Research Before You Go Once youve found a state superior court in your area, do as much research as you can. For instance, if theres a highly publicized trial thats been covered in the local media, read up on it before you go. familiarize yourself with everything about the case - the accused, the alleged crime, the victims, the lawyers involved (both the prosecution and the defense) and the judge. You can never know too much about a case. If you dont have a specific case in mind, visit the court clerks office to see what trials are being heard on the day you plan to visit (this list of cases is sometimes known as the docket.) Once youve decided which case you want to cover, get as many of the documents associated with that case from the clerk as possible (you may have to pay photocopying costs.) Remember, a good portion of the story you write will be background material: the who, what, where, when, why and how of the case. So the more of that you have ahead of time, the less confused youll be when youre in the courtroom. When You Go Dress Appropriately: T-shirts and jeans may be comfortable, but they dont convey a sense of professionalism. You dont necessarily have to show up in a three-piece suit or your best dress, but wear the kind of clothes that would be appropriate in, say, an office. Leave the Weapons At Home: Most courthouses have metal detectors, so dont bring anything thats likely to set off alarms. As a print reporter all you need is a notebook and a few pens anyway. A Note About Cameras Recorders: Laws can vary from state to state, but generally are pretty restrictive about bringing cameras or recorders into a courtroom; check with the court clerk before you go to see what the rules are where you live. Once in the Court Take Thorough Notes: No matter how much pre-trial reporting you do, chances are youll find courtroom proceedings a bit confusing at first. So take good, thorough notes, even about things that dont seem that important. Until you understand whats really going on, it will be hard for you to judge whats important - and whats not. Make Note of Legal Terms You Dont Understand: The legal profession is filled with jargon - legalese - that, for the most part, only lawyers fully understand. So if you hear a term you dont know, make note of it, then check the definition online or in a legal encyclopedia when you get home. Dont ignore a term just because you dont understand it. Watch For Moments of Real Drama: Many trials are long period of relatively boring procedural stuff punctuated by brief moments of intense drama. Such drama could come in the form of an outburst from the defendant, an argument between an attorney and the judge or the expression on the face of a juror. However it happens, these dramatic moments are bound to be important when you finally write your story, so take note of them. Do Reporting Outside The Courtroom: Its not enough to faithfully transcribe what happens in the courtroom. A good reporter has to do just as much reporting outside the court. Most trials have several recesses through out the day; use those to try to interview the attorneys on both sides to get as much background as you can about the case. If the lawyers wont talk during a recess, get their contact information and ask if you can call or e-mail them after the trial has ended for the day.

Motivation, Self And Unconscious Interactions - 934 Words

Motivation is literally the desire to do things. According to the Business Dictionary, motivation is also the â€Å"internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continuing interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or to make an effort to attain a goal.† Furthermore, conscious and unconscious interactions are the reasons for motivation. These conscious and unconscious interaction factors include: intensity of desire/need, incentive/reward value of the goal, and expectations of the individual and of his or her peers. As a whole, these are the causes for a person behaving a particular way (Business Dictionary, 2016). It is because of motivation, or the lack of, that Joe and his supervisor are in this tough situation that needs answers to how motivate people, motivate themselves, and how to solve conflict resolution between staff members. Joes is a loyal employee and an impeccable worker of 10 years at a small rural clinic. However, Joe is being transferred to one of the larger urban clinics. Since his arrival, the supervisor of the clinic has moved him around so much that it’s making it impossible for Joe to familiarize himself with the clinic. Moreover, he is being treated as a new as a new employee and the staff has not made it easy for him. Now, Joe’s attitude has become negative and his motivation is at an all-time low. The supervisor does not want to fire him, but needs to come up with a solution that will benefit and motivateShow MoreRelatedPersonality Theory Is A Complex Process That Can Be Influenced By Many Factors1746 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality theory is a complex process that can be influenced by many factors. There are a few factors by which psychologist seem to measure how people adjust and adapt their personality. These factors are nature versus nurture, the unconscious, view of sel f, development, motivation, and maturation. Each one of these factors has their own distinguishable elements that when factored with personality can have different effects on personality development. These factors will be discussed in different contextRead MoreIs Personality Based On Science?986 Words   |  4 PagesFreud assumed that emotional disorders originated from unconscious undercurrents, such as unresolved sexual conflicts or other childhood problems, and fixations at numerous developmental stages. He viewed that personality consists of pleasure-seeking impulses called the id, a reality-oriented executive named the ego-, and an internalized set of ideals- called the superego. The id stores unconscious energy. It tries to please our basic motivations to survive, reproduce, and be aggressive. The ego isRead MoreEssay on Features of the Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Perspectives1557 Words   |  7 PagesPsychoanalytic approach was advocated by Sigmund Freud, a private practitioner who construct his theory through therapy and self-experience. In his theory, there are three major ideas; they are consciousness, psychosexual stages of development and psychodynamics as well. Freud split the consciousness into three levels; they are conscious, preconscious and unconscious respectively. The conscious level contains information of which we are aware, alert and awake at the moment,Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of The Conscious And Unconscious Mind989 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy life. These theories include: Sigmund Freud’s theory of the Conscious and Unconscious Mind, The Buddhist Eight Fold Path and Carl Jungs theory of archetypes. Sigmund Freud believed that behavior and personality comes from the constant and rare interaction of conflicting psychological forces that happen at three different levels of awareness, which include: the preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious mind. The conscious mind, includes everything that we are aware of in the presentRead MoreEvidence Of Subliminally Primed Motivational Orientations1314 Words   |  6 PagesPelletier at University of Ottawa. Their 2009 October study, â€Å"Evidence of Subliminally Primed Motivational Orientations: The Effects of Unconscious Motivational Processes on the Performance of a New Motor Task† was published in the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. *** This study has found that motivational orientations could be triggered by unconscious visual cues relating to perception of effort, free involvement, and perseverance. In the experiment, 75 volunteer participants (30 femalesRead MorePsychodynamic Theory1497 Words   |  6 PagesKINGSTON, JAMAICA JULY 05, 2011 Psychodynamics is the theory and systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, especially the dynamic relations between conscious motivation and unconscious motivation. Psychodynamics also describe the processes of the mind as flows of psychological energy (Libido) in an organically complex brain. The words ‘psychodynamic’ and ‘psychoanalytic’ are often confused. Sigmund  Freud’s theories  were psychoanalytic, whereas the term ‘psychodynamic’Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychic Energy887 Words   |  4 PagesPsychoanalytic theory produces and explanation to our behavior in terms of interaction of the various components of personality. Founded and established by Sigmund Freud (Lahey, 2009; Larsen Buss, 2012). In his theory psychic energy is the notion human nature relied on. He stated that the psychic energy is what motivates people and gives people motivation to do or not to do something. Freud stated there are strong forces, instinctual forces that provide all the energy, and he related these closelyRead MoreThe Theory And The Psychoanalytic Theory1475 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual possesses, personality is also a term often coined to define and explain the reasons behind an individual’s motivations and react ions to certain events, entities and decisions. Defined by Larson Buss, 2005, personality is ‘the set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organised and relatively enduring, and that influence his or her interaction with, and adaptions to, the intrapsychic, physical and social environments.’ As personality encompasses such a wideRead MoreArtificial Intelligence In Alex Garlands Ex Machina1693 Words   |  7 Pagespsychoanalytic reading on the characters in the film; by pinpointing where the human’s and AI’s unconscious arise through external expressions. In other words, by using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, his theories will provide logicalities to help me discover the latent decisions executed by the characters. As I being my psychoanalysis, I know interactions between the conscious (the rational) and unconscious (the irrational) mind, forms a person’s image and their world. Freud believed people had hiddenRead MoreEssay on The Psychology of Freud1562 Words   |  7 Pages– 1939) probably revolutionized Western thought more than any other thinker in the past century. His psychodynamic approach to psychology and the forces behind human motivations is best known for its focus on childhood sexuality and his picture of the mind. His research focused on case studies of individuals and their motivations first through hypnosis and later through a technique that he called â€Å"psychoanalysis† where he allowed the patient to talk freely and experience a cathartic release of

Aging in Society Free Essays

Exam 2 * Question 6 * The Sandwich Generation is where many caregivers are taking care of an elderly parent, while at the same time caring for their own children, and sometimes holding down a full-time job. As a concerned social worker the suggestion of better social support assistance I would suggest is a certified nurse that stays with the elder person to help with mobility as well as actual personal needs if needed. The nurse would have to stay for at least a half a day whether it is the beginning of the day or the end of the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Aging in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most elders require home care rather than home health care, so obtaining home care would be my focus. Obtaining home care can be tricky but the suggestions for my ideas would be as followed so that this person could receive the best possible results that require the most attention. Me being the social worker would have to determine the needs of the elder person, interview and selecting caregivers, create a written contract to insure the following care is provided, following a activity log, Supervision, communication and problem-solving, social security and insurance coverage. For many, the use of long term care has minor financial impacts. For others, the impact of long term care use can be catastrophic. It can cause the depletion of lifetime savings, dramatically reduce one’s standard of living, or force someone to purchase less care than they need. Economic considerations also sometimes force people to enter a nursing home even though they would rather be home, just because it is easier to qualify for Medicaid coverage in a nursing home than at home. * In the world of the elderly, ethical issues have an even greater significance because they usually involve an elder who is likely to be more vulnerable that the average adult. For that reason, in many ways the elderly are taken advantage of by people in whom they have misplaced their trust. For the elderly, ethics is about how they want to be treated and allowed to make their own decisions. For family members as caregivers, ethics is about doing what is right even when no one is looking. The financial effects of long term care use are different and vary according to the type of services used such as the extended time of care, and the level of financial resources available to pay for care. Depending on the interaction of these variables a individual’s long term care use can have little or no impact, very small impact, or a horrible consequences * Question 7 Whether we want to or not, each of us will die someday. And with every year we only get older and as we get older there will be more and more problems with health. As you get older if I were a healthcare professional I would insist that at whenever there is a moment something does not feel right or there is pain. That person should contact their doctor and make an appointment, only because the situation will only get worse. Many elderly, because they have been dealing with a life threatening illness, will know that â€Å"the end† is coming. Helping patients and their families in their adjustment to the reality of a person about to die or one with an acute illness is an important part of planning ahead and to begin if they have not to change their living arrangements. I don’t think it would be good for an elderly person to live alone. But some elderly persons are stubborn and choose not to have help. This could hinder them if they had been having very bad pain or felt something was wrong and never got it checked out. The situation could get worse and the possibility of someone not getting to that person in time. Measures to help the elderly in the aging in place would be to send a nurse to go maybe three days a week for a couple of hours every day. These workers would try to counsel and educate patients and their families during the patient’s illness or aging so that all the family is on the same page. This would allow patients to be a bit more at peace and have some dignity with the presence and support of their families. Because the care of the patient is provided at home, often with the involvement of family members, home care is less expensive than care in a hospital or skilled nursing facility. Medicare covers many of the direct patient services provided in a home care setting, including durable medical equipment, pharmaceutical costs and medical care provided by physicians, nurses, therapists, home health aides, chaplains and social workers. Persons receiving Medicare should look for a Medicare-certified home care programs. Question 8 I think hiring contingency workers is a good thing because maybe if a permanent worker took off for a week the temporary worker could fill in. It also depends on the company, if their under staffed and absolutely need the job done hiring a temp would benefit. The downfall would be if they need something strenuously done that only the permanent worker can perform, it might take too much time to teach the things that need to be done to the temp worker. I believe if the temp does a good job this could possibly give that person a opportunity of employment. Temps typically are the first to return to the workplace after a downturn because employers uncertain about the pace of recovery can release them at the slightest hint of economic weakness without major legal or financial consequences. Desperate job-seekers may prefer temporary work to no work at all, and temporary jobs can turn into permanent positions. The advantages of a permanent worker are steady income, health insurance, paid vacations, dental insurance, paid vacations, 401 k plan, personal days and sick days. The disadvantages for contingency worker is lower pay, costly health care, no invitation to formal events for the company, no sick days, no paid vacation, no pay on holidays, no job security and no retirement savings The economic consequences can be significant. The prevalence of temporary workers can keep a lid on wages for everyone. Since they often don’t get benefits and can’t depend on their positions to last very long, temporary workers may be less willing to spend money, creating a drag on the recovery. A less stable workforce further exaggerates the divide between the haves and the have-nots. How to cite Aging in Society, Papers

Qualities of a Good Leader Essay Example For Students

Qualities of a Good Leader Essay Outline1 Qualities of a Good Leader2 Leadership3 Who leads us4 Leader, leader, leader5 Leader is leader Qualities of a Good Leader A leader with people, people with the leader leader, leader, leader – leader, is without even the slightest shadow of a doubt someone somebody very important and, moreover, this role is also definitely not an easy one to play. You have most likely heard about it at least a few times but do you really know what it means in a real world to lead some people or someone? Whatever your answer is, now you have a perfect opportunity to learn more about this meaningful topic. Leadership This article was created mostly in order to let you know more about how valuable leadership is, especially in our twenty-first century. Let’s start with a short introduction of an effective leader and leader with people. The general definition will probably explain that this is the individual who is in charge of a small or bigger group of humans and makes an effort for the good of this whole team. It would be hard to argue with this statement because it says a lot about who the effective leader is. This term, however, has become so popular recently that a great number of individuals have no idea what it all is exactly supposed to mean. After all, there may be found a lot of different information on this theme on the Internet, and we never know which ones are right. Fortunately, you might read our explaining about a humble leader and what makes a good leader in the essay. Are you already curious and excited to gain more valuable knowledge in an instant? That is very good to hear, keep reading, and we hope that you will discover a number of useful thing At first, we want to share with you some interesting information about the expository example of a humble leader and qualities of a good leader. Who leads us Read these examples below to learn which individuals have some abilities to be like masters for other humans. You may be surprised by some of them. CEO There is not even a shadow of a doubt that chief of the great company will be one of those who we include in the expository example of a humble leader or leader in general. The CEO is the human who takes their time to successfully lead the entire great corporation into the better, much brighter future. The headmaster at the high school or college This one will especially well describe the topic which we are talking about the leader and who a leader is to a humble student or the people. The head of a school is someone who takes responsibility for the specific teaching institution such as a university. Popular kid at the playground You may not exactly understand what it is supposed to mean. We want to share with you the truth now which says that, in fact, the example of a humble leader is a leader with qualities of a good leader. The reality shows that everyone might be a person who takes the main position in the specific group of different individuals. Therefore, even a child at the playground might become the most important person in the group of friends which he or she will try and develop. Leader, leader, leader A humble leader is a leader with qualities and people whom he or she manage on a regular basis. However, have you ever wondered what exactly are the main keys when it comes to making a decision who leads others well and who is not capable of this task? Good management .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 , .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .postImageUrl , .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 , .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3:hover , .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3:visited , .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3:active { border:0!important; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3:active , .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3 .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab2f4666ea9e65b873612bce1cb0f9d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lee Iacocca EssayThe basic and probably the most important thing which makes that leader is that people with leader feel right and develop constantly. You need to learn how to be a professional manager if you want other humans to have the courage to always rely on you no matter what. Role model Some individuals do not believe that things like personality have an important meaning in the business. However, when it comes to leader qualities conclusion, the leader is a leader when people see them as such a person. You will never become a successful manager if you are not able to gain the honest respect of those who you cooperate with in order to reach common goals. Uniqueness The reality shows us that not everyone is capable of being a good manager. The leader is a leader with people and people with a leader who is ready to see their originality and potential to achieve some amazing as well as really extraordinary things which everyone is always seriously interested in and excited about. You need to have something special in yourself in order to do some extraordinary miracles in your life and in the lives of others. Leader is leader Leader, leader, leader – leader is a leader with people and people with a leader who has their back in every occasion. You ought to know how to be a professional manager, creator of uniqueness and kindness if you see being successful as your future achievement.